Common mistakes that English language learners make when speaking include:

1. Pronunciation: Mispronunciation of words due to differences in phonetics between English and their native language. This can be addressed by practicing phonetic sounds, using pronunciation drills, and providing audio resources for listening and imitation.

2. Grammar: Errors in verb tense, subject-verb agreement, article usage, and word order. Instructors can focus on specific grammar rules, provide structured exercises, and give feedback on written and spoken assignments to improve accuracy.

3. Fluency: Lack of fluidity and hesitancy in speech can hinder effective communication. Teachers can encourage speaking activities, such as group discussions, presentations, and role plays, to build confidence and improve fluency over time.

4. Vocabulary: Limited vocabulary leads to repetitive or inaccurate word choices. To expand vocabulary, instructors can introduce new words in context, encourage reading and listening to various materials, and use vocabulary-building exercises in their lessons.

In a course setting, instructors should create a supportive environment where students feel encouraged to practice and make mistakes. Providing targeted feedback on both spoken and written tasks helps learners understand their errors and improve. Using a variety of teaching methods like visual aids, real-life scenarios, and interactive activities can make learning more engaging and effective.

Additionally, integrating technology tools like language learning apps, online resources, and interactive multimedia can supplement traditional teaching methods and offer personalized practice opportunities for students. Regular assessments can track progress and identify areas